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THOROUGHBREDTIMES.COM

 

 

Posted: Thursday, November 13, 2008 12:15 PM

 

Banks asked to halt illegal Internet wagers
by Frank Angst

Since being passed in 2006, the “enforcement” part of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act has been lacking, but that likely changed on Wednesday.

The United States Department of Treasury and the Federal Reserve Bank announced new regulations for banks and other financial institutions that requires them to block transactions between customers and illegal Internet gambling sites. The 120-page document was released Wednesday.

Pari-mutuel wagering on horse racing is one of the few exceptions in the Internet gambling ban, which in theory, would mean sites that contribute to pari-mutuel pools would face less competition in the United States from off-shore sites that book racing wagers and pirate signals. Also, the law promises to crack down on sites that offer Internet poker, sports gambling, and casino style gaming, all potential competition for horse racing.

The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act had always required enforcement at the transaction level but the House Financial Services Committee had suggested the requirement was an unreasonable burden to place on financial institutions. The committee passed the Payment System Protection Act in September, which called for further clarifications on legal and illegal forms of Internet gambling before instituting the law.

House Financial Services Committee Chairman Barney Frank (D-Massachusetts) had hoped to delay enforcement policies until after President-elect Barack Obama takes office.

“The proposed regulations, like the underlying UIGEA statute, fail to define the term 'unlawful Internet gambling,' leaving it to each financial institution to reconcile conflicting state and federal laws, court decisions, and inconsistent Department of Justice interpretations when determining whether to process a transaction,” Frank said. “Furthermore, some of the information needed to make this determination would likely be unavailable to banks because customers or financial institutions in foreign jurisdictions will likely be unwilling or unable to provide it.”

Without the teeth of financial institutions blocking transactions, the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 has done little to slow Internet gambling, which includes sports betting, poker, and casino-like games. With the enforcement requirements spelled out, sites like the popular Pokerstars.com, Fulltiltpoker.com, numerous sports betting outlets, and horse racing bookmakers could lose U.S. customers.

One concern about the new requirements is that financial institutions will have a hard time distinguishing between legal sites and illegal sites. Financial Services Committee members said financial institutions could end up blocking transactions to legal sites in their efforts to enforce the policy. Those legal sites would include U.S.-based advance deposit wagering outlets such as TVG.com, TwinSpires.com, XpressBet.com, and Youbet.com that conduct legal, pari-mutuel wagering.

The American Greyhound Track Operators Association expressed the same concern earlier this year.

“When presented with a choice of processing legal pari-mutuel transactions in the face of an ambiguous regulation, payment processors will, in all likelihood, avoid processing any transaction and could block legal transactions,” the association said. “Many financial institutions noted that the over-blocking provisions would allow them to block all transactions regardless of their legality.”

Banks must begin to enforce the new requirements on January 19, 2009. The rules require them to establish a relationship with various payment systems to ensure restricted transactions are not conducted. In outlining the new rules, the Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve System said such relationships would allow banks to prevent restricted transactions without blocking lawful exchanges.

Frank Angst is senior writer of Thoroughbred Times

 

 

THOROUGHBREDTIMES.COM

 

 

Posted: Thursday, November 06, 2008 9:54 AM

 

Attendance, handle decline at Belmont meet
by Paul Post

 

Mirroring the nation’s economic downtown, average daily attendance and all-sources handle for Belmont Park’s fall meet were down 20.3% and 8.3%, respectively, New York Racing Association announced Wednesday.

 

The figures come on the heels of a Saratoga summer meet where attendance and all-sources handle fell 9.8% and 10.2%, respectively.

 

“The decline in all-sources handle at the fall Belmont Park meet was disappointing, but consistent with national wagering trends,” said Charles Hayward, NYRA president and chief executive officer. “There is no question that the economic climate in New York and around the country has had a negative impact on our live handle as well as the New York State Off-Track Betting corporations and other simulcast customers.”

 

All-sources handle on NYRA races at Belmont was $356.3-million, versus the 2007 figure of $346.5-million, for an increase of 2.8%. But the 2008 meet included four more days than 2007, so there was actually an 8.3% decline in the equivalent daily average all-sources handle figure.

 

The economic downturn impacted attendance as well. Belmont’s 37-day meet attracted 147,515 patrons, compared with 165,045 who attended last fall’s 33-day meet, for a decline of 10.6%. Daily average attendance declined by 20.3 percent, dropping from 5,001 to 3,987.

 

Total purses rose 3.4%, from $20.5-million to $21.2-million. Factoring in the four additional days of the 2008 season, average daily purses actually dropped from $622,116 to $574,036, or 7.7%, consistent with the handle decline.

 

Gary Contessa was the leading trainer for the Belmont meet with 16 wins, while Edgar Prado took the jockey title with 43 victories.

 

NYRA is currently conducting racing at Aqueduct in Queens, New York, where state leaders recently approved the selection of a gaming operator—Buffalo-based Delaware North Companies—to run that track’s 4,500-machine video lottery terminal facility. Construction is expected to begin in early January.

 

Paul Post is a New York-based Thoroughbred Times correspondent

 

 

 

SARATOGIAN.COM

 

Racing worried about VLT impact

By PAUL POST, The Saratogian

 

11/07/2008

ndly

 

SARATOGA SPRINGS - State officials are concerned about the possibility of gaming overshadowing racing at a proposed new harness track in the Catskills.
The 160-acre project would supplement existing Monticello Gaming & Raceway - about three miles away - and would feature a new hotel, golf course, convention center, retail stores and restaurants. Gaming would be in the hotel, separate from the harness track with a 250-seat grandstand.

"Shouldn't we insist on having a nexus between racing and the VLT facility, since we are charged with improving the racing industry?" state Racing and Wagering Board Chairman John Sabini said. "We want to make sure that when you're in the (VLT) facility you know it's a race track as well. This has been talked about a lot. There is very often very little cross-promotion between the two.

"We don't want to see the (racing) handle hurt by this."

Legislation allowing for racetrack gaming, approved in 2001, was designed to enhance racing while generating more revenue for the state. Video lottery terminals have been installed at each of the state's harness tracks and Finger Lakes Race Track, a thoroughbred venue near Rochester. In most cases, VLTs have boosted purses and horsemen's income dramatically. But there's been little, if any, increase in attendance and on-track betting.

"I'm fearful that at some point if no one's watching the races, someone will come up with an excuse to take this whole thing apart," Sabini said.

State leaders have hailed the project as a way to promote and revitalize economic development in the Southern Catskills. Construction is expected to start next August.

When completed, the new complex could create up to 2,000 jobs.

Gaming would eventually be moved from the old track to the new "entertainment city." Gov. David Paterson has said the new racino will generate $38 million annually, twice as much as the current one.

"Movement would likely be done in a multi-step process that involves as minimal a disruption to the facility's operation as possible," said John Charlson, of the state Lottery Division that oversees VLT operations.

Somewhat surprisingly, Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver, D-Manhattan, has expressed at least some measure of support for the plan. Silver is adamantly opposed to gaming at Belmont Park, about eight miles from Aqueduct Race Track that's slated to get a new racino next year. He says the New York market can't support two gaming facilities in close proximity to one another.

Prominent Wilton harness driver-trainer John Stark Jr. said a new downstate harness track is sorely needed. He competes at Monticello about once a week in the summer, primarily for Sire Stakes races.

"Monticello is such a bad track," he said. "It's not a good surface, the turns are tight. It's just not a good track."

The current track would continue to be used in winter, with the new track hosting races in summer. Barns at the existing track would stable horses for both sites, although a paddock would be built at the new track.

At its last meeting, the Racing and Wagering Board issued permits allowing for construction of paddock footings and a maintenance barn. "This allows the process to begin," board spokesman Joseph Mahoney said. "We have yet to approve the entire construction plan. Racing dates have not yet been approved for the Concord project."

Robert Feuerstein, the board's counsel, said, "There is further opportunity for evaluation."

Board member Daniel Hogan said he's less concerned than Sabini about the relationship between racing and gaming at the new Catskills site.

"You don't see a lot of interaction between VLT and racetrack patrons anyways," he said. "There's a difference between the VLT player and the horse player."

The board recently approved a certificate of incorporation for Concord Empire Raceway Corp. that would run racing at the new track. However, the board has not yet approved a license for the group, which is managed by Westchester developer Louis Cappelli, one of five corporation directors. The others are Bruce M. Berg, Cliff Ehrlich, David P. Hanlon and Charles A. Degliomini.

The Concord development is a joint venture between Cappelli and Empire Resorts, which owns Monticello Gaming & Raceway.

Degliomini is also senior vice president at Empire Resorts.

He said the new harness track will have sky boxes and upscale dining, designed to create a new generation of fans.

"It's going to bring a new elegance to harness horse racing," he said.


©The Saratogian 2008

 

 

THOROUGHBREDTIMES.COM

 

Posted: Wednesday, November 05, 2008 5:18

N.Y. expands backstretch labor investigation
by Paul Post

A New York State Labor Department investigation into alleged underpayment of stable workers has expanded to Aqueduct and Belmont Park.

State auditors are reviewing payroll records from 170 trainers to determine if workers such as grooms and hotwalkers are owed restitution and in what amounts.

In late August, following an investigation at Saratoga Race Course, the state said that more than 1,200 backstretch workers were underpaid—in some cases less than minimum wage—and that most trainers do not keep adequate records.

“We know that there were underpayments, but how much? The final determination? That’s what we’re working on now,” Labor Department spokeswoman Jean Genovese said. “The material is being looked over. Once that’s all done, it will be a much clearer picture. There’s a lot of material to go through.”

Stable workers are not employed by the New York Racing Association, which runs Aqueduct, Belmont, and Saratoga, but are hired independently by trainers. The Saratoga investigation involved five visits to the upstate New York track, where both trainers and workers were interviewed.

The Labor Department went to Belmont and Aqueduct on September 18 and September 24, respectively, returned to both on October 10, and made a repeat visit to Saratoga on October 14.

About 2,000 backstretch employees live and work at Belmont. Some stay at Saratoga after the summer race meet for a fall training season.

The sweeps are part of a broader Labor Department initiative targeting allegations of underpayment in various low-income businesses from the garment industry to car washes.

Following this summer’s initial investigation, the department said it planned to hold a series of educational workshops for trainers, teaching them how to comply with proper Labor Law practices.

“We have begun employer seminars,” Genovese said. “We had two each day at Belmont and Aqueduct on September 29 and October 6—a total of four.”

The state says it will conduct a series of follow-ups in the future to make sure that trainers are complying with the law. Those that do not will be subject to penalties and fines.

To date, the investigation has not named trainers individually, but it may when the audits are completed, Genovese said. The original investigation found that 80% of 110 low-wage workers interviewed collectively were underpaid about $7,000 per week. The state's minimum wage is $7.15 per hour, but some workers were paid as little as $5.06.

In the absence of records, employee statements have been accepted as fact with regard to hours worked, which clearly puts the onus on trainers to comply with the law. The Labor Department has suggested ways for trainers to keep better records, including log books and time clocks, to keep better records and stay within the law.

Paul Post is a New York-based Thoroughbred Times correspondent

 

 

 

 

BIZJOURNALS.COM

 

Tuesday, November 4, 2008 - 2:46 PM EST

Business up at NY racinos

The Business Review (Albany) - by James Fink For The Business Review

Video lottery gaming operations at six of the eight centers across New York reported an upturn in revenues during a four-week period that ended on Oct. 25.

According to statistics compiled by Fantini Gaming Report, VLTs — slot machine gaming centers run in conjunction with a horse racing track— saw a 3.54 percent hike between Sept. 28 and Oct. 25. Total gaming revenue from those operations was $72.374 million.

The report covered VLT operations at Batavia Downs, Fairgrounds in Hamburg, Tioga Downs, Yonkers, Vernon Downs, Saratoga Racing, Finger Lakes and Monticello.

Fairgrounds, Finger Lakes and Saratoga Springs are operated by Delaware North Cos. Inc.

Batavia reported the largest gain, percentage-wise, in the state with a 16.01 percent increase or $2.677 million in VLT revenues for the harness racing track.

“This was a pretty good month,” said Martin Biniasz, Western Regional Off Track Betting Corp. director of marketing. Western Regional OTB operates Batavia Downs.

Biniasz attributed the increase to several factors, including a targeting marketing campaign in Genesee, Orleans and Wyoming counties, the re-opening of the revamped Grandstands Bar & Grill and many patrons deciding to “stay closer to home.”

“It wasn’t any one thing,” Biniasz said.

Delaware North’s three VLT operations collectively saw a 3.48 percent gain in revenues, increasing to $22.169 million, according to the Fantini report.

Fairgrounds reported a 15.4 percent spike, or $4.062 million, in revenues while Finger Lakes reported a 3.65 percent increase in revenues to $8.01 million and Saratoga had a slight 0.77 percent decrease, or $10.08 million in revenues.

Monticello Racetrack had the largest drop in the state, a 21.27 decrease, with $4 million in revenues reported during the four week period.

Fink writes for Business First, an sister publication of The Business Review.

 

NEWSDAY.COM

 

Paterson: Economic plan for Belmont Park in works

11:31 AM EDT, October 28, 2008

ALBANY - Gov. David A. Paterson has directed aides to devise an economic development plan for the Belmont Park horse-racing track in Elmont by year-end.

The plan would focus on better uses for more than 400 acres surrounding the race course, which hosts the Belmont Stakes, the final leg of the Triple Crown competition. Instead of parking lots and vacant land, the state's top racing official said yesterday there could be an outlet mall, hotel or entertainment complex.

Planners, however, aren't expected to push for installing slotlike gambling machines because of strong opposition from Assembly Democrats.

"Nothing is off the table but VLTs [video-lottery terminals] certainly aren't going to be a keystone to this either," said John Sabini, chairman of the state Racing and Wagering Board.

He and economic development chief Marisa Lago were asked last week by Paterson to "begin a planning process to explore development options." They are to work with legislative leaders, municipalities and the racing industry on proposals due to the governor and the racing Franchise Oversight Board by Dec. 31.

Proposals must receive the board's unanimous approval.

Paterson yesterday expressed frustration that Belmont's "development potential has never been realized" despite its physical beauty and proximity to major highways and the Long Island Rail Road. "Belmont could create new jobs, generate additional tax revenue and bolster economic development in Elmont and other surrounding communities," he said.

The Democratic governor revealed his directive five hours after State Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos (R- Rockville Centre) publicly called for the same planning process. Private discussions had taken place for weeks, and some Paterson aides were upset that Skelos upstaged them.

Still, Skelos said development of Belmont land was crucial for the surrounding neighborhoods - some lying in his district - and state finances. The sale of development rights would generate $250 million as the state faces projected budget deficits this year and next.

"It's time to build a true tourist destination that's an economic engine for the entire region," Skelos said.

He and Paterson traded barbs recently over a Buffalo company getting the contract to operate a video-lottery gambling parlor at Aqueduct racetrack in Queens.

Skelos and Assemb. Thomas Alfano (R-North Valley Stream) want the planning process to begin because $5 million for Elmont, Floral Park and Bellerose Terrace is tied to approval of building projects. The money - secured after Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver blocked lottery terminals for Belmont - aims to defray police, garbage and other costs of hosting the track.

Silver, through a spokesman, declined to comment.

Sen. Craig Johnson (D-Port Washington), whose district also includes Belmont, said residents "deserve an economic development plan that brings all parties to the table without partisan political gamesmanship and ulterior motives." He also said the planning process "should have begun years ago."

The New York Racing Association, which recently exited bankruptcy after winning a 25-year franchise to operate the state's three thoroughbred tracks, signaled its support for Belmont improvements. Spokesman John Lee said NYRA was now "in a much better [financial] position to strengthen Belmont Park's appeal as an entertainment destination."

THE STAKES

BELMONT FACTS State leaders want to develop the land around Belmont Park horse racing track in Elmont.

HISTORY Opened in 1905, Belmont Park is home to the Belmont Stakes, the final leg in the Triple Crown racing competition for 3-year-old thoroughbreds. Attendance is off and local officials worry about the track's long-term viability with nearby Aqueduct racecourse in Queens receiving slot-like machines.

KEY PLAYERS Gov. David A. Paterson, legislative leaders, local officials, the New York Racing Association and state racing Franchise Oversight Board.

DEADLINE Dec. 31 for state Racing and Wagering Board chairman John Sabini and economic development chief Marisa Lago to present proposals to Paterson and oversight board.

APPROVALS Development plans must be adopted unanimously by the oversight board.

Compiled by Albany bureau chief James T. Madore

DRF.COM

Headlines | Posted 10/28/2008, 4:02 pm

Casino at Belmont again on the table
By Matt Hegarty

The possibility of opening a casino at Belmont Park is back in play politically just days after senate Republicans agreed to the selection of a company to operate a casino at Aqueduct racetrack in Queens.

Sen. Dean Skelos, the majority leader of the New York Senate, called for the installation of slot machines at Belmont Park on Monday in a statement he released through his office. The statement called for Gov. David Paterson, the legislature, and the New York Racing Association - the franchised operator of Aqueduct, Belmont, and Saratoga - to develop a plan by Jan. 1 to incorporate slot machines at Belmont.

"I have met with a number of individuals with unique and exciting economic development proposals for Belmont Park," Skelos said in the statement. "In these challenging economic times, it is even more important to sell the development rights to Belmont Park and seize this valuable opportunity for state and local taxpayers and community residents."

Last week, Skelos and other Republican legislators - who face losing the majority in the senate in elections this year for the first time in four decades - agreed with the selection of Delaware North Companies as the operator of the Aqueduct casino after initially balking at the recommendation. Delaware North, which promised the state a $370 million upfront payment, had already been endorsed over two other companies by Paterson and the assembly's Democratic-led leadership.

All three companies had employed scores of lobbyists to pitch their development proposals for Aqueduct. The two companies that lost out in the bidding - a partnership of SL Green Realty and Hard Rock Entertainment, and a partnership of Capital Play Pty and Mohegan Sun - have consistently stated that they supported the installation of slot machines at Belmont Park.

Paterson said in a statement that he supported redeveloping Belmont Park, but the statement did not specifically mention a casino. In the statement, Paterson said that he had asked Marisa Lago, the president of the Empire State Development Corporation, and John Sabini, the chairman of the New York State Racing and Wagering Board, to work with legislators to develop a plan for the track by Jan. 1.

Assembly Democrats, including speaker Sheldon Silver, have consistently opposed a casino at Belmont.

The Aqueduct casino, which is not expected to open until early in 2010, will likely become one of the highest-grossing casinos on the East Coast, given its location. Most budget analysts have estimated that the 4,500 slot machines at the casino will generate $500 million in revenue annually. A Belmont casino would be expected to generate comparable revenues.

As part of a deal with NYRA to extend the association's franchise 25 years, the state has taken title to the racetracks and the property. NYRA and its horsemen will receive approximately 15 percent of the net revenues from the Aqueduct casino.

Charles Hayward, the president of NYRA, said on Tuesday that the association would have no comment on the likelihood of development of Belmont.

"Right now we are focusing on the installation of [slot machines] at Aqueduct," Hayward said.

 

 

SARATOGIAN.COM

Silver says no to VLTS

By PAUL POST, The Saratogian

10/28/2008

SARATOGA SPRINGS - Having agreed on a firm to operate Aqueduct's gaming center, state officials are now debating whether Belmont Park should have a racino, too.

Gov. David Paterson has directed his administration to work with New York Racing Association, community groups and local officials surrounding Belmont to come up with Belmont development proposals and report back to his office by Jan. 1.

The Republican-led Senate Majority favors video lottery terminals there, while Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver, D-Manhattan, reaffirmed his opposition to such plans on Monday.

"Nothing is off the table and nothing is necessarily on the table," state Racing and Wagering Board Chairman John Sabini said.

"We will be exploring all options. There's 440 acres of land at Belmont. In these tough economic times, we want to maximize the value of assets the taxpayers now own. We also want the racing mission to be enhanced and not negatively impacted."

Leaders from both parties are in general agreement that Belmont should have new amenities such as a hotel, retail and entertainment.

"VLTs should be a hallmark of that proposal," said Scott Reif, a spokesman for Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos, R-Rockville Center. "We feel this is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to develop Belmont Park. (Skelos) has met with developers.

"They have exciting proposals."

Reif declined to identify firms and any proposal requires approval of a newly created racing Franchise Oversight Board.

Silver says the New York-Long Island market can't support racinos at Belmont and Aqueduct that are less than 10 miles apart.

"I don't think it makes sense," he told The Associated Press at a Rochester groundbreaking. "We're not going to have a saturation of that. You'd only divide the businesses."

But gaming proponents say the two downstate sites would enhance each other, similar to Connecticut, Atlantic City or Las Vegas, all of which have multiple casinos.

Also, horsemen say that New York needs the extra revenue two VLT facilities would generate, to keep the racing industry competitive with other states.

New York Racing Association has already hired a British firm, Turnberry Consulting, to devise a long-term master plan for each of its tracks. NYRA spokesman John Lee said that Turnberry's work deals strictly with the core racing business - grandstands, racetrack locations and surfaces, hospitality, barns and backstretch housing. At 1-1/2 miles, Belmont's main dirt track is the longest track in the country, the only one that size. It's so large, and grandstand seating is so far from the horses that fans sometimes find it impossible to follow the races.

Turnberry's report, due this month, is expected to address such issues. The state, in contrast, will focus on Belmont's non-racing real estate where things such as a hotel, retail and entertainment could go.

"We'll certainly take suggestions from NYRA," Sabini said. "But it's our (the state's) property."

As part of its new 25-year franchise, NYRA formally relinquished ownership of Belmont, Aqueduct and Saratoga Race Course to the state.

"Now that we have reached an agreement to extend NYRA's franchise, and chosen a developer to revamp Aqueduct Race Track, Belmont is the next logical step in our efforts to overhaul racing in New York," Paterson said. "Any development at Belmont would need to be undertaken pursuant to a competitive process approved by the Franchise Oversight Board."

Buffalo-based Delaware North Companies is giving the state an upfront $370 million payment for the right to develop Aqueduct. A similar bidding process would be likely for Belmont, once state officials agree on the type of development they want there.


©The Saratogian 2008

DAILYGAZETTE.COM

VLT profits eyed for projects at Saratoga Race Course

Tuesday, October 28, 2008

By Lee Coleman
Gazette Reporter

State leaders last week selected Delaware North of Buffalo to install and operate 4,500 video lottery terminals at the Queens racetrack.

State officials said Monday ground will be broken on the Aqueduct project early next year.

Seven percent of the money generated by the VLTs, which are computerized slot machines, will go to NYRA for capital projects and to increase race purses, said NYRA spokesman John Lee.

Increasing purses for NYRA’s races is important, Lee said, because it attracts top quality horses and sufficient numbers of horses so that NYRA can continue to offer the nation’s premier thoroughbred horse racing.

Lee said on Monday the combination of NYRA’s new 25-year franchise agreement with the state and selection of an operator for the VLTs at Aqueduct will also mean the racing association will be in a better position to make improvements at all three tracks it operates: Saratoga, Aqueduct and Belmont.

“We don’t know all the particulars,” Lee said about possible improvements at Saratoga. He said Turnberry Consulting Ltd. of London has been hired to study and recommend improvements.

But Lee said some of the ideas being discussed for the Saratoga Race Course include two-story, condominium-type dormitories in the track’s backstretch area where as many as 1,000 workers live during the 36-day, summer racing meet.

The temporary, trailer-like luxury boxes that are placed along the track’s first turn each season could be replaced by something more permanent and the tent that now is called the On The Rail pavilion could be replaced by a permanent addition, he said.

“We will maintain the feel of Saratoga … They will be improvements that fit,” Lee said.

Delaware North Companies will invest $370 million upfront to build and operate the VLT facility at Aqueduct, according to the statement released Monday by Gov. David Paterson.

“Funds from the VLT facility at Aqueduct will provide sustained resources for elementary and secondary education, while also supporting the operation and improvement of the three thoroughbred racing facilities,” Paterson said in the statement.

The governor said that once the VLT facility is operational in 2010, the 4,500 New York Lottery terminals are expected to generate at least $8.2 billion for education over the next 30 years. with the 7 percent share going to NYRA.

Lee said the VLTs are expected to be up and running in 15 to 18 months.

Once they are operational, “they will start generating money pretty quickly,” Lee said.

Lee said now that NYRA has emerged from bankruptcy and operating within the terms of the new franchise agreement with the state, the association is on much sounder economic footing. “The new business model allows us to make progress,” Lee said. “The VLTs will really step it up.”

NEWSDAY.COM

Paterson: Economic plan for Belmont Park in works

October 27, 2008